A na-eme atụmatụ na mmepụta ihe nrụgharị zuru ụwa ọnụ eruola ihe dịka 45 × 106t kwa afọ, ma nọgide na-enwe ọganihu elu kwa afọ.
Ụlọ ọrụ nchara ka bụ isi ahịa maka ihe ndị na-emegharị ihe, na-eri ihe dịka 71% nke mmepụta ihe nkwụghachi kwa afọ. N'ime afọ 15 gara aga, mmepụta ígwè crude n'ụwa amụbaala okpukpu abụọ, na-eru 1,623×106t na 2015, nke ihe dịka 50% na-emepụta na China. N'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ, uto nke ciment, ceramics na ngwaahịa ịnweta mineral ndị ọzọ ga-emeju usoro uto a, yana mmụba nke ihe ndị na-emegharị emegharị na-eji na-emepụta ígwè na ihe ndị na-abụghị metal ga-anọgide na-enwe ọganihu ahịa. N'aka nke ọzọ, oriri nke refractory ihe na mpaghara niile na-aga n'ihu na-ebelata. Ebe ọ bụ na njedebe 1970s, ngwa nke carbon aghọwo ihe a na-elekwasị anya. A na-eji brik nwere carbon na-adịghị ọkụ eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ígwè na ígwè na-emepụta arịa iji belata oriri nke refractories. N'otu oge ahụ, obere ciment Castables malitere dochie ọtụtụ brik na-abụghị carbon. Ihe ntughari na-enweghị ụdị, dị ka ihe nkedo na ihe injection, abụghị naanị nkwalite nke ihe ahụ n'onwe ya, kamakwa nkwalite nke usoro ihe owuwu. E jiri ya tụnyere ihe mkpuchi refractory na-enweghị ọdịdị nke ngwaahịa a kpụrụ akpụ, ihe owuwu ahụ na-adị ngwa ngwa na oge nkwụsị nke kiln na-ebelata. Nwere ike belata ọnụ ahịa nke ukwuu.
Refractories na-enweghị ụdị na-aza 50% nke ahịa ụwa, ọkachasị atụmanya uto nke castables na preforms. Na Japan, dị ka ihe nduzi na-emekarị zuru ụwa ọnụ, monolithic refractories agụbawo 70% nke ngụkọta refractory mmepụta na 2012, na ahịa ha na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye.
Oge nzipu: Jun-06-2024